Microsoft Research DRM talk

Cory Doctorow (cory@eff.org), June 17, 2004

This talk was originally given to Microsoft's Research Group and other interested parties from within the company at their Redmond offices on June 17, 2004. (See public domain notice.) This version has been translated into Italian, then translated into French, then translated back into English.

EFF website: EFF (Donate)
Cory Doctorow's personal site: Craphound
Cory Doctorow's group weblog: BoingBoing

Introduction

Hello, brothers pirati! Arrrrr!

They are here today to speak you about copyright, technology and DRM, work for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, mainly in the field of the royalty and live has London. They are not a lawyer, are specie of carries-parole/activiste, same if some it turns shave me, thread me in my clothing for the Bar Mitzvah and il' expedient close of some office for the standards or the United Nations, for creer a little stirs up-menage. Not approximately three weeks in the month while travelling to make really strange things, such as for example going from Microsoft to speak on DRM.

In reality, I mene a double life: they are same a writer of fantascienza. That wants to say that I have a dog in this battle, aimed that I reve to live while ecrivant of when I was 12 years old. To be sincere, I return that I have my royalties is not the large how much vosto, however, I guaranteed to you that for it is very important how much is for you.

They are here for you autoconvaincre owing to the fact that:

1. the systems for DRM do not function;
2. the systems for DRM are an evil for the company;
3. the systems for DRM are an evil for the business;
4. the systems for DRM are an evil for the artists;
5. the systems for DRM are a very bad movement for the businesses of Microsoft.

This discussion is in been resumed realta large. Microsoft made considerable investments in the systems for DRM and has expedie out of turn for the world, in offices full with smokes, people like Martha, Brian and Peter, in mode to make sure that its implementazioni for DRM has ground fertile in the future world. Companies as Microsoft seem as delle old woman FIAT while they make a curve and the question is thus full with inertia which seems difficult to be able it to absorb without the engine finishing nell' cockpit dell' car. Went better, I think that Microsoft must convert a po' this moment of inertia sul DRM into angular moment, thus has to save the sederi us all.

We plunge nella question quickly there.

The systems for DRM do not function

We divide this short speech into two parts:

1. Simple a ripasso on cryptography;
2. its application to the caso of DRM.

Cryptography - writing secrete - is art to maintain the secrecies such. It consists of the three parts: one which transmit, one that it recoit and an attacker (in reality, could y have more assailing, trasmetteurs or ecouters, but is better to maintain the things simple). Usually, we will respectively call these people with the names generic of Alice, Bob and Carol.

We imagine to be in the time of Giulio Cesar, during the Gallic War. One requires for echanger messages with his general and one prefererait that the enemy in did not come in possession. It is possible to count on the fact which, probably, no matter who reussissait has to intercept the messages does not know light, ecrire, however this one is a bet too risk to aim us on an empire. Alternatively, one could entrust the new ones has messengers of confidence, who m.cheraient and inghiotterebbero the missive, will qualora etaient captures - but same this could not there y have of assistance if Brad Pitt and its band of men in gonnella infilzassero with a lance of the fleches the messengers in question initially that they include/understand to be states taken.

This point, one could crypter the message with something like ROT-13, which functions while turning each character partially has through the entirety alphabet. This procedure etait usually utilisee in the newsgroups with data not important, in the time in which people on Usenet preoccupaient of the s.rete data - has transform themselves into N, a B in Or, C out of P and thus. For dechiffrer it is sufficient to add 13 places to the character in examination, thus N becomes has, one Or B, and will cetera...

Well, all that is pathetiquement stupid: not hardly one accounts for the algirithme to us, the secrecy left.

Therefore, if one etait has the place us Cesar, it would occur enough from time by preoccupant of like mantere secrete the existence of its messengers and of what keep. Do I arrive? Now, one supposes to be Augusto and to have to send a message Brad has, without which Ciccio Fromage puts the hands to us on. There delivre with the message is Ciccio Tourte, the fastest runner of the empire, one quantifies the message with ROT-13 and makes leave the messenger of the garrison in maintaining more buia night, by making sure that nobody knows how much arrives. Ciccio Fromage has spies everywhere, same in the garrison and epandues for the road and if one of them it struck Ciccio Tourte with a lance of the fleches, reussirait has to enter in possession of the message; moreover, if it reussissait has to include/understand the algirithme with which it has ete figure the message, let us be fregates. Therefore, the existence of the message is a secrecy; the algirithme of coding is a secrecy; the result of coding is a secrecy. There are enough secrecies and how much of more secret it have concerned there, very less s.rs one is, especially if some of those they are divisions. Once divisions, the secrecies is not more such.

Time passes, the events one succedent and has the fine Tesla invents the radio, malgre is Marconi has to take I to him merite. This one is a news good and bad at the same time for cryptography: of a dimension, our messages can join no matter whom has a ecouter and an antenna, which is a large thing for the five courageous chroniquers which works derriere the enemy lines. In addition, no matter who has an antenna can ecouter our messages, that wants to say that it is not more practical to maintain secrete the existence of a message. Each it turns that adolf expedie a message has Berlin, can retain that Churchill the ecoutes.

The thing is well, since during this time they existed already the calculators - large, voluminosi and primitivi calculators mecanic, but always calculators. The calculators are machines for riarrangiare the numbers and thus the scenziati, of ambo the c.tes, engagerent a friendly competition to invent the method clearer than they could for riarrangiare the temoins representes numeriquement, so that the part thwarts could not them dechiffrer. The existence of the message is not any more one secrecy, but the algirithme of coding yes.

However, there are still too many secrecies. If Bobby reussissait has to come in possession from one from the machines from the enigmes from Adolf, it could eclairer Churchill. I want to say, this one would have ete a good news for Churchill and us, but bad for Adolf. Same, it would be a bad news for no matter whom wanted to maintain a secrecy.

We add cles: a cifratore that it employs cles it is even more s.r. Meme if the cifratore it is decouvert, same if the result of coding east intercepts, without the cle (or a breach) the message is still secret. In the after-war, the doubly important thing divenne, since we have starts has to include/understand that which I call law of Schneier: "Each person can invent a system of s.rete thus simple A not to reussir has to find a fashion to violate it". That wants to say that the single experimental method to decouvrir if they were made errors in creer a cifratore consists in speaking about it has of how much more people geniales possible, by requiring them to find a fashion to violate it. Without this I do not criticize, one would finish, possibly, with the lives in a paradise the stupid ones, in which an attacker has violate there are the cifratore years and comfortably dechiffre how much reussissent has to intercept messages, while laughing of us.

Better of all, now there is only one secrecy: the cle. Moreover, with cryptography cle has double, it becomes even simpler for Alice and Bob to maintain their secrecies remote of the grinfie of Carol, same if they never met. Until A when tender Alice and Bob riusciranno have secretes their cles, can assume that Carol will not reussira has dechiffrer their messages, same if accede with the cifratore has and has I test figure. As if it were not enough, the cles are the secrecies more and simple, therefore even easier kasher A Carol has. Hurra for Bob and Alice!

Now, we apply how much hardly known as A DRM.

In DRM, the attacante it is same receiving. He is not Alice, Bob and Carol, alone Alice and Bob. Alice sells DVD has Bob. It sells same a riproduttore to him DVD. DVD contains a film - let us imagine is "Pirate of the Caribbean" - that it is crypt with a algirithme appelee CSS - Content Scrambling System. Riproduttore DVD has a decodificator CSS.

It east sometimes happens the moment to make a report of what it is a secrecy: the algirithme with which it crypt is well-known. I test figure is completely in the hands of the enemy! And now? Until A when the cle is not known A the attacker, we can sleep of the quiet sleeps.

But veiled to rise the problem. Alice wants that Bob achete "the maledizione of the premiere the moon" of it. Bob acheterait it only if it could dechiffrer VOB - object screen -, crypt with CSS, on his riproduttore DVD. In caso contrary, the disc would be useful A Bob alone like sottobicchere. Therefore, Alice it will have to provide has Bob - the attacker - the cle, method of coding and the donnee cryptee.

General Ilarita.

To violate the systems for DRM is question of minutes, certain times of days. Seldom it take months. It is not thus because which makes it is a genie. It is not thus same step because there are errors in the algirithmes. With the end, all the systems for DRM share a common error: they provide has which he wants them deferler the donnee cryptee, the method for crypter and the cle. This point, the secrecy is not any more such.

The systems for DRM are an evil for the company

You raised the hand which thinks something of the type "But DRM should not be employe for proteggere genies, but of common people, it is a little as one of these artificial backs which one employs to make reduce speed".

You can lower the hands.

This one is an entirely false conviction and well two reasons: a technique and social. With the end, however, they are the two vermin for the company.

Veiled the reason technician: there does not need to be experts for deferler a system DRM. It is only enough to be in measurement to make a research on Google, Kazaa or of one any other means for generic research, to find that better somebody has decouvert like making.

You raised the hand now which has in tests a pensee type "But NGSCB can resoudre this problem: we will contain the secrecies in the principal card, by covering the whole with some resin epoxyde ".

You can lower the hands.

You raised the hand which is one of Co authors of the document on "Darknet".

People LED first groups, veiled, I you presente Co authors LED document. In this, between the other things, one says that DRM will be a bankruptcy really for this reason. You can lower the hands, people.

Now veiled the corporate name for which DRM will echouera: to maintain a honnete user such is as to maintain high a user who is already. The producers of systems DRM say that their technology is etudiee to be has test of average user, not criminal organizations like the pirati ucraini, which produce million counterfeited copies of high quality. It is not etudiee for resister has university smaliziati etudiant. It is not etudiee for resister has no matter whom either in measurement to modify of its register of configuration or or in measurement to press key "shift" has the moment right or to use a search engine. With the end of all, it is included/understood as systems DRM are projetes only for resister has the less qualified user.

Veiled a true history on a person of my knowledge which has ete arretee of a system DRM. It is an intelligent girl, of university culture and is completely digiuna of electronic. It has three children. It has a reader DVD in the stay and an old video tape recorder in the room of the sets of his children. A giorno has door A put, for his/her children, DVD of "Toy Story". A considerable investment and, considering all that they touch his/her children is covered with marmellata, has decide riversare contents of DVD on a video cassette and a debt that with the children - of mode which could make a new copy when this one etait ruinee. It A connects DVD to the video tape recorder, made leave the reproduction on reader DVD and the recording on the video tape recorder, while being put has to wait.

Before going ahead, I would like that one arretait one moment and we etonnions ourselves all of that. We have has to make with a person tecno- empechee, but able to build a mental model with sufficient accurateza which made him include/understand to be able to join the c.bles in the Juste processes to duplicate the disc digital on the analogical ribbon. I imagine that chaques deesses presentes are able nella its family for how much it relates to technology: wouldn't it be beautiful if all our expert friends and parents did not etaient tricks thus?

I would like same to point out that we are in presence of a user proverbial of honesty. He did not want to make a copy for the neighbor of put; he did not make a copy to sell it in a mercatino for road. He did not extract, for then codifying it in DivX, the contents of DVD on his fixed-head disk, by putting it in division with Kazaa. It only did something honnete - of trasferer of film of a format another has. It made some employs personal.

Malheuresement, it does not have reussi there. Insere has the interior - for law - in each DVD and VHS, there is a system DRM appele Macrovision which cree of the problems with the interval of ridisegnamento of the image in TV, therefore each made video cassette in this manner will be unusable. Macrovision can be wanders with a thing which co.te 10 dollars on eBay. However, our hero.ne did not know alcunche of it. It is "honnete", little qualified in the field technology, not stupid, attention, only na.fs.

The document on Darknet really occupies of this evenienza, predit same what will make this person during the long time: it will decouvrira Kazaa and next turns it that it will want to take a film for his children will dechargera it network and will masterizzera it for them.

For eloigner how much of more possible this giorno, our legislateurs and large holders of rights have car out a desastreuse policy, call anti circonvenzione.

Veiled as it functions: if it met blocks - contr.le of access - on a work protege of royalty, it is illegal deferler this blocks, is illegal to carry out a means to violate it and is illegal to say has somebody O to find information on like making such a means.

Rappellees the law of Schneier? No matter who can etudier a system of s.rete thus simple in not to be able about it to decouvrir the defects. The single mode to find defects as regards s.rete is to make known the operation of the system and to invite the public has to comment on it. We live, however, in a world in which each cryptographic method usable for ingabbiare a work protege of copyright is not sottoponibile such a type of comments has. This one is a thing which a professor of studies of engineers of Princeton, And Felten, has decouvert has its expenses when it sent has a academic conference his articulates it on the defects of "Secure DIGITAL Music Initiative", a specie of mechanism anti counterfeit proposes industry of the disc. RIAA has reagi while menacant of the denoncer so only it had eprouve has to speak. We fought them because and is the kind of customer who each lawyer contestatore would like: an unattackable person and for good, thus RIAA lost. Chancheux And, in the last analysis. It could be that next is not it as much.

And of facts, the following does not have ete. Dmitry Sklyarov is a Russian programmatore which held a conference has a meeting of hacker has Las Vegas on the defects of protections in and - and-book of the Adobe. FBI A opera hat in prison for 30 days. It have then patteggiato, while turning A put in Russia, O equivalent it State Department has emane a warning generic A its researcher, so that they were held remote conferences americaines, visa which the United States seemed to have become one of these countries in which those are things illegales.

The antione is a powerful means for which it wants to break the competition. If one supported that software of delle management its cars are a work protege of copyright, one could continue no matter whom realisait a means to be able interfacciare there. This one is not a news bad only for the mecanicians. One you think same A all those which they like elaborer his cars to improve the services of them. There are companies as Lexmark which affirm that their cartridges contain a work protege royalties - in the fattispecie, a software which it enters in modalite "Am empty" when ink - finishes; and denonce has the manufacturers of cartridges that erano in competition with it which they allowed of the regenerer, disattivando the modalite in question. Same the companies which build automatic doors for the garages went down in field, by saying that the software intern of their ecouters I am materiel protege. Cars protegees, cartridges and automatisms for garage: which it has will touch next turns it? Perhaps with the lamps?

Same in I dispute myself works legitimement - forgiveness, "traditionally" - protegees, like films on DVD, the antione is a very bad deal. The royalty is a complex equilibre; to give has the author and with the beneficiaires some rights, but it in same reserve certain for the public. For example, a writer does not have the right to prohibit some A to transport has his book in a format which allows of them fruizione same A of the people videolese. Still more important, an author very has an influence limee on what one can do formerly acquired legitimement his work. If I bought your books, your paintings or your DVD, those would belong to me, would be my property. Not my "intellectual property", or an extravagant form of pseudo property which is as well full with exceptions, simplifications and limitations how much a form will gruviera is full with holes; but not reelle, serieuse and tangible form of property, like it has ete heard for centuries of the nei courts.

The antione, however, allows the holders of rights to invent new and of excitanux forms of copyright for them same, ecrire of the laws privees without responsibility or the deliberations, that espropriano has they favour the interests of the user I concern what acquires. DVD has in codifies regional is an example: _ it exist not some legislation on the royalty d' auteur, here and in any other autre place which I know, that it allow have a author of contr.ler O can himself beneficier of its work createur, formerly that himself be acquire. One can acquire a book, to put it out of purse and to carry it with oneself everywhere, of Toronto Timbuct. has, and to read it everywhere us are found: I can same buy books in the United States and to carry them to England, O the author can have an agreement of exclusive distribution with a local editore which resells the book with the double of the price statunitense. When I finished reading it, I can sell it or offer it in England. The lawyers who occupy themselves of royalty call this lawsuit "Premiere sale", but one can more simply think has that like has a form of "Capitalism".

The necessary cles has decifare DVD are contr.lees of an organization appelee DVD-CCA, which wants to use them must be subjected has a whole series of contractual requests. Between those it east present a call "codifies some regional": if there achete DVD in France, this will be a segnale for saying "Is French DVD", while carrying to him to America, the n.tre riproduttore DVD will confront the regionaux signals with his list of allowed states and if it does not find a correspondence, it will say that one is not authorizes has to reproduce this disc.

It is held has mints which it do not have some law there on the copyright that it allows has an author to do that. It does not have ete a caso which was omitted each geographic reference when it has ete written the law on the royalty and one is allowed to the authors the right of contr.ler the vision, the execution, duplication, work derives and thus. It has ete a made thing of intention.

Thus, will qualora French DVD did not function in the United States, would not occur because it would be because illegal to do it, but because the cinematographic houses have invents a model of businesses and a law on the copyright for tender the thing in feet. DVD is property of which it acquires it and thus also riproduttore DVD, but if one deferlait the method of codifies regional, one would violate the laws anti circonvenzione.

This is how much arrives has Jon Johansen, a teenager norvegese who wanted to see French DVD sul it his riproduttore norvegese. Together with some of his friends it has ecrit a program for deferler CSS, of mode which could carry out its desire. Now it is a uomo research in the United States; moreover, the cinematographic houses made pressures magistrature norvegese so that it came shows accesses illicit A an information processing system. When its defense has request "which information processing system Jon had violate", answered it has ete "it his".

Its reelle, concretise and tangible property had ete espropriata the strange one, nozionistica and metaforica intellectual property on its DVD: DRM would be legal only if the v.tre riproduttore it became property of the author of DVD that etees while seeing.

The systems for DRM are an evil for the businesses

This one is worst introduced implications of DRM and cioe that the manufacturers of devices of digital reproduction can specifier which recordings are fruibili and which people who make these recordings it has a kind of right of veto on the project of these devices.

A principle of this kind was never etait considering initially: indeed, of which world it is world always has ete the exact opposite. One you think has all that can be connects has an interface parallele or seriale, all things that the inventors of these interfaces, perhaps, never would not have imagines. Our strong economy and our rapid innovation are a consequence of the possibility for each making us things which they can be connects has different: tagliaerba which is connected has the vacuum cleaner has that specie will priovra that we see leaving the lighters of the cars, the standard interfaces for which is possible to build one something is always system with which they became miliardari rats of laboratory and secchioni.

The courts always have confirms this principle. A time etait illegal inserer something which did not come from AT&T in its catch of telephone. They said that this etait necessary to guarantee the s.rete network, in reality all that etait a lace specie which allowed has AT&T to rent telephone sets with people, until A when pay of it at least thousand of times did not etait the reelle value.

When this defence was cut down, one crea a walk of telephone sets of competition, innovations in field of telephonie, with the secretariats telephone, the telofoni without wire handbooks and auricular - million dollars of economic activity have ete lost because of an obscure interffaccia. One you remarks that the AT&T massicciamente has beneficie that: they are insererent indeed same in the market of the kit telephone.

DRM is equivalent it of these interfaces hardware closed. Robert Scoble is sentimental that it maintains a blog, O has ecrit wise on the better methods for proteggere the investments made to acquire muscica digital. One should buy the music of APPLE with a iTunes or music DRM of Microsoft? According to Scoble music DRM of Microsoft is an investment more s.r, a donnee that Microsoft has licences more repandues for its formats of the owners and thus one would have has provision a vaster fauna of devices between which to choose, will qualora one wanted to acquire something for ecouter this music virtual.

That he invents strange idee: one should choose the purchase of music on the basic one of what a company of recording allows the major set in the choice of a riproduttore for his discs! It is as to say has somebody to buy Betamax instead of Cinescopio d' Edison because Thomas Edison is a spilorcio when it gives in licence it his brevette; all that without considerer the ceaseless one goes of open format VHS.

It is a bad deal. That one of DVD is a format in which people who produce the recordings want same to make the riproduttori. Us it raises a question: how much innovation there was it in riproduttori DVD in the last ten years? Did they become more economic and more the small ones, but O it is finished the strange one and amusing walk of DVD starts video tape recorders? There is a company which has cree the first jukebox for DVD with hard disk. A thing which can contain until A 30 films, and make pay 27.000 dollars for this coso. We speak about a hard disk about 300 dollars and a computer about 300 dollars - all the remainder is anti-competition.

Systems DRM are an evil for the artists

What is to say artists? The realisator who A works hard, the writer do I soil ink, lasts it star of the rock'n'roll intossicata of the hero.ne? We poor zoticoni of the class creatrice are the mascot preferee of all here: Do RIAA and MPAA hold us in arm and say "Somebody wants to be occupied of our children?" The users whom they put in division give on reseaux peer-to-peer say, on the other hand, "of agreement, we think of the artists, but you industries of the disc etes the system, has which it is important what arrives there?".

To include/understand thing it makes artists DRM is necessary to include/understand as they interact royalty and of technology. The royalty is intrinsequement technological considering that the things to which it applies - to copy themselves, transmit and so on - are intrinsequement technological.

I roll of paper bores has ete the first system to copy economic music of manner. It has ete invents in a time in which the principal form of recreation etait to carry has to sound in its stay a pianista talentuoso, while it was sung has rate/rhythm. At the time the industry of the music consistema for the majority of editors of divided.

The pianola etait a means a means of recording and a digital reproduction. The houses which produced them bought divide and transformed the notes into binary digits, riversandoli on a long ribbon for computers, which resold in migliaia, hundreds of migliaia, million copies. All that without paying centieme to the editors the divided ones. We are in presence, therefore, of pirati musical. Ehhhhh!

As it etait easy to prevoir, from the type-setters and the musical editors came out of tests. Sousa prensent. in Senat and says itself:

"These speaking machines ruin developpe artistic national music. When I etais a ragazzo... in front of all the houses, in the nights of ete, one could find boys whom they sang together the songs of the moment or those old. Today, on the other hand, one ecoute night and giorno these explosive devices. It will not remain same any more step there a vocal cord. The evolutif lawsuit will make us lose the vocal cords, thus as it made lose the tail has our ancestors who went down from the monkey."

The editors demanderent with Congers to return illegal the ribbon of paper bores and etudier a law which affirmed that each new A moitie to reproduce music was to be subjected to the veto of their association of category. Chancheusement for us, the Congers included/understood what etait the butter of the section of bread and decidees of not criminaliser the form of divertimento more appreciee of the americains.

It remained, however, the problem of the payment of the artists. The Constitution it delinee intentions of the royalty: to promote the useful members and sciences. The type-setters have proposes a believable history in the second place who could creer of less will qualora did not have ete pays to do it, thus the Congers decida to find a solution. Veiled what was: no matter who had corresponded 2 centimes has a musical editore, would have acquired the right to make a copy on ribbon bores of all the songs publiees by the editore in question. The editors could not say not and moreover nobody would have pay a lawyer has 200 dollars maintaining to include/understand if the payment were to be 2 centimes or a nichelino.

This obligatory licence is now in force: when Joe Cocker sings "With has Little Help from My Friends", it corresponds a fixed tax has the editore of Beatles and can continue quiet - same if Ringo ha.t the thing. If you y etes never requests like Sid Vicious avvess which been able to obtain from Paul Anka the permission to sing "My Way", well, maintaining the sapete.

This type of obligatory licence has cree a world in which thousand times more artists made thousand times more money by making thousand times more music, that it has ete ecoutee of thousand times more people.

This history repete each 10 - 15 years during the century of technology. Radio A ete cree gr.ce has a generic voluntary licence - the companies of the disc poor unit and demanderent an antitrust exemption to be able to offer has all their music has a fixed tariff. TV hollow, on the other hand, it of A arrives obligatory: the single mode in which the operators of hollow TV reussissaient has to put the hands on the transmissions etait by obtaining them illegalement and by introducing them on the hollow; thus the Congers has prefere legalizzare this practice, plut.t that creer of the problems has TV of the electeurs.

With the times, the courts and the Congers have simply decide ter copyright - this is how much arrives with the video tape recorder. When Sony A markets in 1976, the cinematographic houses had already quite clear out of mints which was to be the experiment to look of a film in stay: they had, indeed, concede in licence a system to reproduce film on a device appele Discovision, which reproduced large discs how much of the 33 turns, unusable after little times which got busy them. A specie of ancestor of DRM.

The specialists of royalty of the time did not give large possibilities of survival to the video tape recorder. Sony supported that it his preparent consentissero to put one into practice "to fair uses" of product protege, defini as employs such which a court it can retain a valid defense has the violation of royalty, while being based on four factors: if I employ transform work in something again, like joining; if it is employee a part or the entirety work; if work is of value artistic or less; and if I employ it limit in some mode the businesses of the author.

Betamax echoua on all and four faces: when one recorded a film of a transmission televisee, one made does not employ trasformativo of the 100% of a work creatrice in a fashion which put directly has risk the receipts of the rights on Discovision.

Jack Being worth, the spokesman of cinematographic industries, known as with the Congers into 1992 which it video tape recorder is has cinematographic industry americaine "as the strangolatore of Boston east has a woman only A put".

But the Supreme Court in 1984 decidees has sfavore lobbies Hollywood, when it determina that any device in measurement to allow there is I employ that not to violate some royalty it is not illegal. In other words, "one does not drink the history of the strangolatore of Boston: if your plan of businesses cannot sopravivvere has this average A addresses generic, it is time to change gently or declarer the bankruptcy.

Hollywood us entrepr.mes a new line of businesses, thus as they made initially TV, the artists of Light comedy, the musical editors and that guarantees a major production of works of art, with a consequent increase in I compensate for the artists, and the realization of a vaster public.

There is a factor which links each new model of business: each of those it must adapt by means of communication for which it is concur

This one is the caracteristic principal one each again supports of master key: it is coherent with oneself same. The Bible of Lutero was not passee on the same ways which they saw of the protagonists Bibles copiees has the hand of monaci; mainly because erano ugly, not erano ecrites in Latin clergyman, it did not have some person there that read them in public and it interpretait them, did not representaient proportione the faithful one, with D capital letter, work of somebody whom has depense his life for Signore. The single thing which made have master key has the Bible luterena was the fact which this one etait more eheterogene: it etait more popular because more diffuse; Unspecified factor of master key of new A moitie of communication impallidisce face has its speed of diffusion. The more diffuse organizations on our planet are those which reproduce moreover: insects and bacteries, nematodi and virus. The reproduction is the best mechanism than survival.

The ribbon borer did not sound well like skilful a pianista, but it etait has the portee of all. The radio difettava of the social capacity of the exhibition of alive, but erano much more of the people who could build I prepare receiving and configure it correctly, of those which could enter the vastest Vaudeville success. The MP3 is not accompany by a booklet, they are not sold of clerk informatissimo who can help you in the choice, while compressions of bad quality and the pieces truncate are frequents. Once I have decharge version a 12 second old of "Hey Jude" of Napster. That malgre, the MP3 outclasses CD. I cannot any more but make me CD of them: the achete I and seem to me a little as this guard has sachet for clothing which give in the stores of a certain level, are useful and smell me a cretino when throws them, but, borders, how much can about it never serve me? I can save 10000 songs on my portable, but a pile of discs which contains the same pieces with the booklets and the guards, that one one would be obstacle. This one is ductilite and returns between my expenses of the months storage.

Veiled the two more important things has to know about the calculators and Internet:

1. A calculator is a machine for risistemare binary data.
2. Internet is a means to move binary data of a place has the other of simple and economic manner.

Unspecified new A moitie of communication which one affirms in this sector will owe considerer these two factors, you do not forget itself. A rotary printing-press is a machine which spits outside quickly of the newspapers print has low quality: will qualora eprouvaient has to be made litografie works of art, would come outside refuse. So on the other hand one eprouvait has to make newspapers, one would obtain the basic one of a free company.

With Internet it is the same thing. In the moment of larger popolarita of Napster, the leaders of the houses of the disc presentaient themselves with the conferences and said that nobody wanted MP3 compressed with loss of quality, without famous booklets you, with file truncate and with ortografici errors in the metadati.

Today, we ecoutons the editors of electronic pounds to say ourselves another and has which it them ecoute that I block principal for their products is the resolution of mask. It is a ball, thus as it is same all the sermone on how much it can seem beautiful a book in your bookshop, like perfumes and as us can addormentare by tightening it. Those are done obvious and false, as the idee that the radio will decollera when they decouvriront like selling with the public "hotdog" during the interval; or that the films will join the top of master key reellement when one reussira has to make leave has the end the actors of I mask for a (a); or although that whose Protestant reforms it had reellement need etait the Bible of Lutero with the illustrations in copy at the edges and a priest in hiring for light the prorpia word of Signore.

New the media are not master keys because they are like the old men, only better: they are master keys because they are worse of the old men in doing something than those already made well and because it ameliore in doing something that the old men made already badly. The books are excellent with their paper biana, has high resolution, with few qualities to allow of them the reading, economic and the piazzabili everywhere. The ebook they are excellent to be gratutitamente and everywhere in the world at the same time, a form thus manoevrable which them can be copied for entirety with IM, or to copy to them a page with the giorno in a list of electronic discussion.

The single form of electronic publication which has true passes - I speak about hundreds of migliaia, million copies distribuees and read - it is that which it relates to the books repandus pirati, in which books obtained with a scanner or OCR they are distribute on reseaux peer-to-peer. Single you legitimes of the editors who they are master keys in the electronic publication of contents is those which distribute its books on Internet without technological bonds: the editors like "Bean Books" and mien, "Tor", that they return available sound catalogues, or start from him, in formats like ASCII, the HTML or the pdf.

The electronic pounds which only function on a certain type of devices, systems DRM ustati to restrict I employ and copies it those, they are all things which sensationnellement echouent. The sales are processes tens, only sometimes hundreds of unit. The fantascienza is a walk of niche, but when the sales are processes tens of copies, it is not same step a business, is right a hobby.

Each one of is us on a curve which will finish with showing that each giorno we will read always more of the words always more screens electronic, in much of our professional occupations. It is a play has nap zero, indeed it will be always read always less one undervalues a number of reelles pages, as time passes: the executif directing preistorico which prints it his posts electronic and dictates the reponses has its secretary east intends has dispara.tre.

Today, in this same moment, people read something of mask and it will do it finche will find us ecrites something. The children will remain attacks has their "Game Boy" until A when they do not fall the eyes. The European teenagers will sound with the citofoni with their inches of the ingrossati of ecrire SMS, plut.t that to employ the index.

The paper books are the envelope with which those arrive. The future of the books cartacei is in the type - type-rilegatorie economic, like the "Internet Bookmobile", that it can produce a book prints in quadricromia, with lucid cover, back prints, perfectly reliee for a dollar in 10 minutes. Qualora needed a copy of a book, barebbe to print one of them, or of a part, by being able it same to throw when one finishes. Monday I pass have ete has SEA-TAC and have masterizzato a little CD of my collection of music, for the ecouter in the machine which I would have rent. When lascer. the car, the lascer. in; who needs some?

Each time that a new technology opened a crack in the legislation on the royalty, is decide to modify this derniere. That one on the copyright is not a problem ethic, but utilitarian. There is not alcunche of morals in paying a type-setter in paying for a ribbon bores, thus as there is not alcunche the immoral one in not paying the houses cinematorgrafiche to pass on video cassette a film gives in TV. They are only the better fashion to put a equilibre between the rights which have the people with the physical property of a video tape recorder or disk player are respect and to provide enough the incentives to the authors so that they continue has to make spectacles, msusica, books and paintings.

Technologies which creent problems with the royalty do that because they simplify and make more economic the lawsuit than creation, reproduction and distribution of a work. The current model of businesses of the royalty exploits the lack of efficacites in the old systems of reproduction and the distribution, and will be weakened new technologies. New technologies, however, put to us has provision major art, available A a major public; technology really exists for this.

Technology puts has provision a tart of which larger always more of the artists can take a small section. This one is tacit a donnee in fact, known A each stage of the battle on the royalty, sin of times of the ribbon bores for the plans. When the copyright and technology enter in collision, it is the copyright has to change.

That wants to say that copyright of today - or what DRM wants to support - does not come from in bottom from the mountains ecrit on two tables from stone. It has ete cree in recent times for adattararsi has technological reality creee inventors of the passee generation. To give up the invention now would mean derubare the artists of tomorrow of the new businesses which could make and of the new public which could join mercy has Internet and has PC.

The systems for DRM are a very bad movement for the businesses of Microsoft

When Sony has lance the video tape recorder, it put in circulation produced that it could reproduce the recordings of Hollywood, aitch if the cinematographic houses did not like the thing. Armature of industries which are raw thank you with the video tape recorder - I rent film, of recording menagere, will cameras portable, same they film Bar Mitzvah - door has the million dollars for Sony and industries correlees.

It in resulta an excellent business; same if Sony us perd.mes the battle between the formats Betamax and VHS, the money coming from the vast diffusion of the video tape recorder were enough for all.

But after, Sony acquired a company of relatively small recreation and commenca has to make a series of errors. When it left format MP3, the customers of Sony commencerent has to ask for a riproduttore MP3 has state solid and Sony left that its musical ray carried out the dances: instead of realizing of a portable reader MP3 has high capacity, Sony commenca has to sell its "Music Clip", of the devices low capacity has which reproduced forms with systems DRM like Real and OpenMG, I proportione of some mints patient. Sony depensa a money sacco in the project of caracteristic has inserer in these readers whom they empechaient with the purchasers of deplacer liberamente the music of a device has the other. The customers reagirent while etant to him for major A the broad one.

Today Sony is with water has the throat in the market of the portable transistors. The leaders of walk are representes unimportant companies with siege has Singapore, like Creatrice Labs - the type of company which Sony would have usually ecrase like a insect, before being uniformisee has its division on the intrattenimenti - and of companies of PC like APPLE.

This because Sony A seeks to market produced for which did not exist some request for walk. No customer of Sony one never has reveille by saying "Accidents, would like that Sony depensait a sacco of efforts of mode which can make of less with my music". Of face has an alternative, the customers of Sony have reagi entusiasticamente by changing boat.

The same thing occurred has a sacco people of my knowledge which etait usual to codify its CD in format WMA. You boys sold them software which it produces of files smaller and which one feels better compared to codifiers MP3, but that you have modifies so that the songs thus codifiees only functioned on the computer on which erano you have ete creees. That wants to say that when these people made a copy of rescue of this music on another disc I fix and has reinstalle system operationnel (a practice that viruses and programs temoin returned repandue more that never), have decouvert that, formerly given their place all his music has, could not more the ecouter. The riproduttore it said to see the new system operationnel like a new machine, while blocking consequentement all spins it musical.

The market did not require this "caracteristique". None of your customers it wanted that you made co.teuses modifications has your products to return the rescue and more difficult re-establishment of the data. Moreover, there will not be occasion in which your customers will be less lay out has to forgive these errors as when they must retablir their personal configurations after a catastrophic technological misfortune.

I speak to you about my personal experiment. Considering I acquire Powerbook each 10 months and since I always order the last modeles not hardly are lances, take a sacco fregature of APPLE. In few words, it easily sometimes happens to me to join limits it of the 3 computers authorize for iTunes of APPLE and one see force has not to be able to use the hundreds of dollars depensees in music with iTunes, considering my machines autorisees or am one of fregature in question which APPLE has reduit in parts, or am has reparer or are has with-dela A of 4000 kilometres of me, like the computer of my mother, who is has Toronto.

If I did not have ete a thus good purchaser of the materiel of APPLE, the same thing could to me go has genie. If I did not have ete a evangelizzatore products APPLE - if I did not have shows has my mother as it functions negotie musical iTunes - thing could to me go has genie. If I had not thus acquired such an amount of music iTunes to return the masterizzazione on CD and the brook extraction and recodifie of all my data epelle too heavy, the thing would be allee has genie to me.

Veiled like APPLE rapaye my confidence, my work of evangelizzazione and my exageres purchases: it treats me like one delinquant, while empechant me to enjoy my music each turns that my Powerbook is has reparer - or, during one time O they are not for nothing lays out has to be caritatevole with APPLE.

I represente a caso limit, but they are in any way excellent a caso limit. It will be only time has to render comprehensible to us if the model of businesses of APPLE will be master key, is sufficient that the average customer joins my numbers in the purchase of hardware and music.

Would Sapete what I like definitively to buy? a riproduttore that it enabled me to enjoy the recordings of all. Until A present, the closer application has my desire is a software has source open appele VLC, but it is not the maximum in the usabilita and is full with errors, moreover pre- is not installee on my computer.

Sony realisa not Betamax which reproduced only the films which Hollywood etaient lay out has to him conceder - Hollywood demanderent to make thus, while proposing a premiere analogical form of contr.le of diffusion was the which video tape recorder would have reagi disabilitando the recording. Sony was unaware of these requests, while realisant produced until one waited his customers desiraient.

They are a customer of Microsoft. Thus like other customers, I would like a reader in degree to reproduce unspecified thing gives him in p.te and thinks you are the company which can give it to me.

Admittedly, this would violate how much etabli current legislation on the copyright, but is already of decennies which Microsoft realisent means which change the law on the copyright. Outlook, Exchange and MSN are means which allow violations on broad scale of such law.

It anchors moreover, IIS and your proxy with mask makes and transmits copies of documents without the assent of their author, something which, so today it is legal, is only because companies as Microsoft are allees ahead, did it and have defie the legislator and the forces of processes has to continue them.

Microsoft took to the deesses parts its customers and LED progress, by overcoming of manner thus decisive that little one east opinion that there was indeed a battle.

Fatelo again! This one is a company which looks at right in the eyes worse and determinez antitrust autorite world, while laughing they in face. With comparison with people of antitrust, the legislateurs who occupy themselves of royalty are half cartridges.

In the book of Siva Vaidhyanathan, "the anarchistic one in library", the author speaks about because the cinematographic houses are thus blind with respect to the desires of their customers. That arrives because people like me and you it has master key years 80 and 90 by recounting bad stories of fantascienza on an improbable technology DRM which it would have made it possible they to make pay a small amount of money each turns that somebody would have looks at a film. One wants to go quickly in ahead? It would be enough to decrocher a penny. To put in pause co.terait two centimes now. To remove the voice, on the other hand, co.terait fourth of dollar.

When, the month passes, Mako Analysis A publishes his report in which it advised has the company telephone not to support telephone Symbian, one only ecrivait the derniere started from this history. Mako supports that it telephone like my P900, which can use file MP3 like suonery, would be give for the saving in telephone cellular, because they would carry has the bankruptcy those which they sell suonery for the cellular ones has of the excessive prices. What it said Mako, in other words, is that only because CD is acquired, he does not want to say that is possible the ecouter they in his reader MP3 and same if could feel in reader MP3, he does not want to say one can use them like suonery. I really wonder as approximately the radioreveils think it which can make leave Cd for reveiller people to the mattino. What this etrangle being born to it walk from the suonery for alarms?

For the moment, the customers of the telephone companies want telephones Symbian, at least, the telephone companies understand that if do not sell them, qualcun other will do it has the place them.

The opportunites of walk for a device reellement effective are enormous. There is a company here outside which it makes pay 27.000 dollars for a jukebox for DVD - go out and rubategli the merenda! Steve Jobs it will not do it: with D Conference it has suggere with the leaders of the cinematographic houses not to distribute film has high definition until A when they are not s.rs that nobody will be able to carry out masterizzatore DVD has high definition for PC.

Perhaps they are not interesses has to it his fessery, but they do not eprouvent same step interests for what you are sold. With the meeting of the newsgroup on the protection of the diffusion, that from which came out "Broadcast Flag", the position of the cinematographic houses etait: "We will acheterons systems DRM of no matter whom, except Microsoft and Philips". When I have meeting the English experts della European version della "Broadcast Flag" during the forum "DIGITAL Ecran Broadcasters", it me has Well ete said ", in Europe the east question diverges: mainly there is afraid which some company americaine as Microsoft seeks has to put the zampino in the European panorama televise ".

The cinematographic houses americaines did not want that electronic industry giapponese conquerait a section LED goes deesses film, thus fought the video tape recorder. Today, no matter who you make film etablit on the fact of not wanting that you put yourselves between them and their customers.

Sony does not have request some permission. You should not ask it. Allees has to build a reader who can reproduce the recordings of us all.

Because, if you do not make it, there will be other people that it will be occupied some.

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